A Complete Guide to Roses

The name Rose comes from the French word ROSA.
Depending on the variety, rose blooms typically last between 2 and 4 weeks. Roses are among the most popular flowers in every online flower shop and are widely used for flower bouquet orders, flower box arrangements, flower basket orders, and even funeral wreath arrangements. Buying roses is also a popular choice for decorating gardens, parks, streets, hedges, and homes.
The rose is widely known as the Queen of Flowers.
The fragrance of roses has a calming effect on the nervous system and helps promote relaxation and better sleep, making rose essential oil a popular ingredient in aromatherapy.
Throughout history, roses have held symbolic meanings in many cultures. In India, roses were offered to Vishnu. In ancient Greece and Rome, they were associated with the goddesses of love, Aphrodite and Venus, and were regarded as sacred. Today, in the language of flowers, each rose color conveys a different message. Red roses symbolize love and romance, yellow roses represent jealousy or friendship depending on the culture, pink roses express admiration, appreciation, and deep affection, while white roses symbolize purity, innocence, and sincerity.
In Persian culture, roses have always been highly valued. Within Persian-Islamic traditions, the red rose has even acquired a sacred status. In Sufi literature, the red rose symbolizes divine beauty and spiritual perfection, making it one of the most meaningful flowers in Persian heritage.

Types of Roses:
Miniature Rose: Miniature roses are among the most popular ornamental and commercial plants. They are widely used in landscape design and are ideal for growing indoors. As their name suggests, these compact roses can easily be cultivated in pots, allowing rose lovers to enjoy beautiful rose bushes at home.
Climbing Rose: There are many varieties of climbing roses, and they all have similar planting requirements. They can be planted anytime from spring through autumn. Climbing roses available at flower shops create stunning displays on fences, walls, pergolas, and home gardens.
Shrub Rose: Shrub roses are generally deciduous plants with panicle flower clusters. Their flowers are complete, containing both male and female reproductive organs. However, they rely on bees and wind for pollination rather than self-pollination. After flowering, they produce a fruit known as a rose hip.
Patio Rose: If you're looking for a rose larger than a miniature rose but smaller than a standard hybrid tea rose, patio roses are an excellent choice. These compact Floribunda varieties produce abundant blooms while remaining ideal for patios, balconies, and small gardens.
Hybrid Tea Rose: Hybrid Tea Roses, known for their large blooms, are developed by crossing European and Chinese roses. They are among the most popular cut flowers used for flower delivery and rose arrangements. These roses generally perform best in mild climates and are less productive during extreme summer heat.
Floribunda Rose: Floribunda roses are modern garden roses famous for their continuous blooming throughout the growing season. Their flowers are medium-sized, measuring approximately 5–11 cm in diameter, and are produced in large clusters that can completely cover the shrub during peak flowering. The first Floribunda rose was introduced in 1907 by crossing Hybrid Tea and Polyantha roses. Today, these roses are available in an extensive range of colors and are highly valued as cut flowers because of their sturdy stems and long vase life.
Dutch Rose: One of the most elegant rose varieties is the Dutch Rose. It features large, luxurious blooms with rich petals and is available in many attractive colors, including yellow and golden shades. When grown under ideal conditions, Dutch roses develop exceptional color intensity. Their delightful fragrance has made them one of the most popular choices for rose delivery and floral gifts.
Dutch Roses belong to the Hybrid Tea family and are well known for their strong, sweet fragrance. They bloom repeatedly throughout the season. Mature plants typically reach 60–91 cm in height and width, making them suitable for gardens, flower beds, and compact outdoor spaces.

What is the Difference Between Iranian Roses and Dutch Roses?
The most noticeable difference is their appearance. Iranian roses usually have stems covered with many thorns, whereas Dutch roses have significantly fewer thorns.
Additionally, Iranian red roses typically feature bright red petals with a classic appearance, while Dutch red roses have darker, velvety petals and a more luxurious look.

What Should You Know Before Growing Roses?
• Roses generally grow from mid-spring until autumn.
• They require at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight each day.
• The ideal daytime temperature for planting and growing roses ranges between 40°F and 60°F (4°C–16°C).